Artifact
Agent Orange
Herbicide mixture sprayed by the U.S. in Vietnam, 1965 to 1970; contaminated with the dioxin TCDD.
- produced by Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company 1965–1970
- produced by The Dow Chemical Company 1965–1970
- produced by Hercules Incorporated 1965–1970
- produced by Monsanto Company 1965–1970
- produced by Uniroyal, Inc. 1965–1970
Agent Orange was a 50:50 mixture of two weed killers, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. The 2,4,5-T carried a dioxin, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, as an unwanted by-product, in amounts that differed by maker and by production run.
Connections 10
produced by
- Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company 1965–1970 Primary record 1
- The Dow Chemical Company 1965–1970 Primary record 123
- Hercules Incorporated 1965–1970 Primary record 1
- Monsanto Company 1965–1970 Primary record 14
- Uniroyal, Inc. 1965–1970 Primary record 1
involved in
- The 1984 Agent Orange class settlement the herbicide the claims concerned Primary record 1
- Operation Ranch Hand the best-known of the herbicide mixtures sprayed, named for the color band on its barrels Primary record 5
- The French Agent Orange suit the herbicide the claim concerned Scholarship & press 678
- The Vietnamese Agent Orange lawsuit the herbicide the claims concerned Primary record 3
part of
- Operation Ranch Hand Primary record 5
Timeline 5 dates
- 1965–1970 Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company produced Agent Orange
- 1965–1970 The Dow Chemical Company produced Agent Orange
- 1965–1970 Hercules Incorporated produced Agent Orange
- 1965–1970 Monsanto Company produced Agent Orange
- 1965–1970 Uniroyal, Inc. produced Agent Orange
Proof 8 sources
-
In re Agent Orange Product Liability Litigation, 597 F. Supp. 740 (E.D.N.Y. 1984), MDL No. 381, decided 25 September 1984, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York (Chief Judge Jack B. Weinstein), 25 Sep 1984.
Primary record
Archived copy
The seven chemical company defendants, Dow Chemical Co., Hercules, Inc., The Monsanto Company, Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Corporation, Thompson Chemical Corporation, T.H. Agriculture & Nutrition, and Uniroyal, Inc., manufactured over 99% of a herbicide called Agent Orange
plaintiffs, on behalf of a class of Vietnam veterans and members of their families, agreed with defendants to settle their claims against the defendant chemical companies.
principally American, Australian and New Zealand servicemen, were injured by exposure to Agent Orange
-
Agent Orange, Dow Inc. (corporate.dow.com).
Self-published
During the war, Dow, Monsanto and other companies were compelled by the U.S. government to produce Agent Orange under the U.S. Defense Production Act of 1950.
-
Vietnam Association for Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin v. Dow Chemical Co., 517 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 2008), No. 05-1953-cv, decided 22 February 2008, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 22 Feb 2008.
Primary record
Archived copy
This directive essentially commandeered all of the Defendants’ capacity to produce Agent Orange.
for injuries allegedly sustained by their exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides
-
Agent Orange: Background on Monsanto's Involvement (Monsanto statement, excerpted), Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, reproducing a Monsanto statement, 7 Apr 2017.
Self-published
From 1965 to 1969, the former Monsanto Company manufactured Agent Orange for the U.S. military as a wartime government contractor.
The current Monsanto Company has maintained responsibility for this product since we were spun-off as a separate, independent agricultural company in 2002.
-
In re "Agent Orange" Product Liability Litigation (Vietnam Association for Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin v. Dow Chemical Co.), 04-CV-400, 373 F. Supp. 2d 7: Memorandum, Order and Judgment, dated 10 March 2005, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York (Judge Jack B. Weinstein), 10 Mar 2005.
Primary record
The best-known mixture was Agent Orange.
nicknamed by the colored identification band painted on their 208-litre storage barrels
The best-known mixture was Agent Orange. About 65% of the herbicides contained 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), which was contaminated with varying levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).
-
French court rejects claim in landmark Agent Orange lawsuit, Al Jazeera (with Reuters), 10 May 2021.
Scholarship & press
Dismissing the case, the court said the companies were acting “on the orders” of the US government, which was engaged in a “sovereign act
-
French court dismisses appeal in Agent Orange case, AFP, via The Star (Malaysia), 23 Aug 2024.
Scholarship & press
But so far, only military veterans -- from the United States, Australia and Korea -- have won compensation for the after-effects of the highly toxic chemical.
She lost her initial case in 2021, when a French court ruled that the companies enjoyed legal immunity from prosecution because they worked for a sovereign government.
The Paris Court of Appeal used the same argument in rejecting
-
France’s Court of Cassation refers Agent Orange lawsuit to Full Court, VOV (Voice of Vietnam), English edition, 8 Jul 2026.
Scholarship & press
France's Court of Cassation on July 8 referred a lawsuit brought by French-Vietnamese citizen Tran To Nga against US chemical companies that manufactured Agent Orange defoliant to the Full Court
Page history 1 change
- Add 55 stories, each checked against its sources96e92fe6
Something wrong or missing? Tell us, with a source, or edit this page.