Organization

American Airlines

One of the four largest U.S. airlines; partner of JetBlue in the Northeast Alliance that a court held unlawful in 2023.

2 links, 2 backed by primary records

Connections 2

Ruling on the American–JetBlue Northeast Alliance, 2023 defendant; found to have violated Section 1; its appeal failed Primary record 1 2
Ruling blocking JetBlue’s purchase of Spirit, 2024 one of the “Big Four” the court named: Delta, American, United and Southwest; not a party Primary record 3

Proof 3 sources

United States v. American Airlines Group Inc. and JetBlue Airways Corp., Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, No. 21-11558 (D. Mass., 19 May 2023), U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, 19 May 2023. Primary record
the Court finds that the plaintiffs have convincingly established that the NEA violates Section 1 of the Sherman Act.
United States v. American Airlines Group Inc. and JetBlue Airways Corp., Opinion, No. 23-1802 (1st Cir., 8 November 2024), U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, 8 Nov 2024. Primary record
Seeing no reversible error of either fact or law, we affirm.
United States v. JetBlue Airways Corp. and Spirit Airlines, Inc., Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, No. 23-10511 (D. Mass., 16 January 2024), U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, 16 Jan 2024. Primary record
These four airlines control 80% of the industry (with the next largest airline, Alaska Airlines, garnering 6% of airline revenue in the United States).

Page history 3 changes

2026-11-02Second revision of Too Big to Fail: the FTC's 1917 finding, the 1952 report's seven firms, the 1984 hearing record, and corrected cards for Spirit, beef, tickets, Google and the final verdictAlibek05663c47
2026-11-02Revise Too Big to Fail after the skeptic's review: read to 2 November 2026, a verdict card that separates findings from shares, the 1929 fight with its scandal and the board's stand, and sources for every cardAlibekc819f2cb
2026-11-02Add the story Too Big to Fail: Standard Oil's stockholders, the phrase's origin in 1984, and market-by-market cases to November 2026Alibekaa9c434d