Organization
De Beers
Diamond mining and selling company formed at Kimberley in 1888; part of Anglo American since 2012.
- Dates
- 12 Mar 1888 –
- Also known as
- De Beers Consolidated Mines, De Beers Group
- Active 12 Mar 1888 –
- board members Barney Barnato 1888–1897
- chaired by Cecil Rhodes, according to De Beers 12 Mar 1888 – 1902
- includes Lightbox 2018 – May 2025
According to De Beers
- chaired by Cecil Rhodes 12 Mar 1888 – 1902
- acquired De Beers Diamond Jewellers 2017
According to Edward Jay Epstein
- benefited from UN embargo on uncertified Angolan diamonds, 1998
- benefited from UN embargo on Sierra Leone rough diamonds, 2000
United States v. De Beers Consolidated Mines and others
- Charged by U.S. Department of Justice: civil suit alleging a conspiracy to restrain and monopolize commerce in gem and industrial diamonds 5
- Decision overturned by U.S. Supreme Court: preliminary injunction on its property in the United States set aside; the suit itself was not decided 5
Sullivan v. DB Investments and related class actions
- Settled with U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey: $295M, class settlement of $295 million, approved by the district court; the suit alleged price-fixing and monopolization of gem diamonds 6
A charge is an accusation, not a finding of guilt.
Connections 28
founded by
- Barney Barnato 12 Mar 1888 one of four first shareholders Scholarship & press 7
- Cecil Rhodes 12 Mar 1888 first chair Scholarship & press 78
chaired by
- Cecil Rhodes 12 Mar 1888 – 1902 According to De Beers Self-published 8
- Ernest Oppenheimer 1929 Scholarship & press 9
board members
- Barney Barnato 1888–1897 Scholarship & press 9
- Ernest Oppenheimer 1926 Scholarship & press 89
charged by
- U.S. Department of Justice 1945 civil suit alleging a conspiracy to restrain and monopolize commerce in gem and industrial diamonds Primary record 5
decision overturned by
- U.S. Supreme Court 21 May 1945 preliminary injunction on its property in the United States set aside; the suit itself was not decided Primary record 5
settled with
- U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey 22 May 2008 $295M, class settlement of $295 million, approved by the district court; the suit alleged price-fixing and monopolization of gem diamonds Primary record 6
owns a stake in
stakeholders
-
Anglo American
as of 2000
Scholarship & press
10
In 2000 each of the two companies held more than 30 percent of the other, the New York Times reported.
- Anglo American 85%, as of 2024 Scholarship & press 1
- Government of Botswana 15%, as of 2024 Scholarship & press 12
acquired
- De Beers Diamond Jewellers 2017 According to De Beers Self-published 8
acquired by
-
Anglo American
2012
Scholarship & press
1
Bought out the Oppenheimer family's 40 percent stake.
awarded a contract to
- N. W. Ayer & Son 2 Dec 1938 $10,000, Diamond Market Investigation Survey and Report Scholarship & press 9
launched
involved in
- Plan to separate De Beers from Anglo American Primary record 12
- Wartime dispute over industrial diamonds Scholarship & press 9
- UN embargo on Sierra Leone rough diamonds, 2000 its chairman, Nicholas Oppenheimer, said of the company's stand on conflict diamonds that it came from "the moral imperative and also the fear of what might happen to the diamond industry" Scholarship & press 10
- United States v. De Beers Consolidated Mines, 1945 defendant Primary record 5
includes
- Central Selling Organisation until 2000 Scholarship & press 10
- Diamond Trading Company 2000 Primary record 6
- Lightbox 2018 – May 2025 Scholarship & press 13
adopted
- A diamond is forever 1948 Scholarship & press 9
benefited from
-
UN embargo on uncertified Angolan diamonds, 1998
According to Edward Jay Epstein
Scholarship & press
10
The New York Times gave Epstein's view in its own words; he is quoted only as calling it "another brilliant coup". De Beers gave other reasons.
-
UN embargo on Sierra Leone rough diamonds, 2000
According to Edward Jay Epstein
Scholarship & press
10
The New York Times gave Epstein's view in its own words; he is quoted only as calling it "another brilliant coup". De Beers gave other reasons.
not the same as
-
De Beers Centenary AG
Primary record
14
The Department of Justice calls them interrelated firms; the plea was by De Beers Centenary AG.
Timeline 19 dates
- 1888–1897 Barney Barnato board member of De Beers
- 12 Mar 1888 – De Beers
- 12 Mar 1888 Barney Barnato founded De Beers
- 12 Mar 1888 Cecil Rhodes founded De Beers
- 12 Mar 1888 – 1902 Cecil Rhodes chair of De Beers According to De Beers
- 1926 Ernest Oppenheimer board member of De Beers
- 1929 Ernest Oppenheimer chair of De Beers
- 2 Dec 1938 De Beers awarded a contract to N. W. Ayer & Son
- 1945 De Beers charged by U.S. Department of Justice
- 21 May 1945 De Beers decision overturned by U.S. Supreme Court
- 1948 De Beers adopted A diamond is forever
- 1975 De Beers owns a stake in Debswana
- until 2000 Central Selling Organisation part of De Beers
- 2000 Diamond Trading Company part of De Beers
- 22 May 2008 De Beers settled with U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey
- 2012 Anglo American acquired De Beers
- 2017 De Beers acquired De Beers Diamond Jewellers According to De Beers
- 2018 De Beers launched Lightbox
- 2018 – May 2025 Lightbox part of De Beers
Proof 14 sources
-
Anglo American to sell De Beers, JCK.
Scholarship & press
Anglo controls 85% of De Beers, while the government of Botswana owns 15%.
Anglo American has owned 85% of De Beers since 2012, when De Beers’ longtime owners, the Oppenheimer family, sold their 40% share.
-
Govt has 15 per cent in De Beers, Botswana Daily News (BOPA).
Scholarship & press
Minister Nonofo Molefhi said the government has 15 per cent shareholding in De Beers, with Anglo American having 85 per cent.
-
Vice President urges Batswana to jealously guard diamonds (Botswana Press Agency report of the Minister of Minerals and Energy), Botswana Daily News (BOPA), 25 Jun 2023.
Scholarship & press
Mr Moagi noted that in a re-negotiated agreement of 1975 Botswana and DeBeers each got 50 per cent shareholding.
-
Our History, Debswana Diamond Company.
Self-published
Debswana is a company in which the Botswana Government and the De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd each hold a 50% share.
-
De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd. v. United States, 325 U.S. 212 (1945), Supreme Court of the United States (U.S. Reports, via GovInfo), 21 May 1945.
Primary record
The complaint sought equitable relief based upon a charge that the defendants were engaged in a conspiracy to restrain and monopolize the commerce of the United States with foreign nations in gem and industrial diamonds, in violation of §§ 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act
We are of opinion that the injunction issued in this case is not authorized either by statute or by the usages of equity and that the decree granting the injunction should be reversed.
De BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES, LTD. et al. v. UNITED STATES.
-
Sullivan v. DB Investments, Inc., 667 F.3d 273 (3d Cir. 2011) (en banc), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, 20 Dec 2011.
Primary record
The settlement provided for a fund of $295 million to be distributed to both the direct and indirect purchasers: the direct purchasers were to receive $22.5 million of the fund,
Sightholders are selected by De Beers‘s subsidiary Diamond Trading Company
-
The Diamond Mines of South Africa: Some Account of Their Rise and Development, Gardner F. Williams, general manager of De Beers Consolidated Mines (scan on Internet Archive), 1902.
Scholarship & press
Four men held all but twenty-five shares of its stock.
On the 12th of March, 1888, a seemingly unpretentious joint stock company was formed and established at Kimberley
-
Our History & Heritage Since 1888, De Beers Group.
Self-published
Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato, who were running competing diamond operations, join forces. De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited is established on 12 March 1888.
Rhodes is named Chair and continues in this role until 1902.
Sir Ernest Oppenheimer is elected to the De Beers Board after Anglo American, the company he founded, becomes a major shareholder in De Beers.
It also purchased LVMH’s stake in De Beers Jewellers, taking full ownership of the business.
-
Why a Diamond Means Forever: The Creation of the Diamond Engagement Ring Tradition in the United States, 1939-1996, Jennifer Lynn Pequignot, doctoral dissertation, Auburn University (drawing on the N. W. Ayer records at the Smithsonian), 2019.
Scholarship & press
In 1929 he became the chairman of the company.
Rhodes was named the company’s founding chairman and Barnato became a director of the company until his death in 1897.
He was also appointed to its board of directors.
On 2 December 1938 he authorized a check for ten thousand dollars for Ayer to begin its “Diamond Market Investigation Survey and Report.”
With each new request De Beers claimed that it did not have enough diamonds readily available to fill the order all at once.
within a year “A Diamond is Forever” became the official slogan of De Beers.
-
Controversy Over Diamonds Made (headline as saved from the reprint; the page title is cut off), Alan Cowell, The New York Times, 22 August 2000 (reprint by Global Policy Forum), 22 Aug 2000.
Scholarship & press
Each company still holds more than 30 percent of the other's stock.
"It was the moral imperative and also the fear of what might happen to the diamond industry," Nicky Oppenheimer said
De Beers's exclusive sales unit, long called the Central Selling Organization
by supporting United Nations embargoes on illicit diamond sales in Angola and Sierra Leone, the company has effectively enlisted the United Nations as a policeman
Another brilliant coup, in my opinion,
-
Lab-Grown Diamond Brand Lightbox Cuts Prices by 25 to 40%, National Jeweler, 13 May 2024.
Scholarship & press
Lightbox, the lab-grown diamond brand De Beers Group launched in 2018 with an $800 per carat pricing structure, is now selling its diamonds for as low as $500 a carat.
-
Anglo American accelerates delivery of strategy to unlock significant value, Anglo American plc, 14 May 2024.
Primary record
De Beers – To be divested or demerged, to improve strategic flexibility for both De Beers and Anglo American
-
De Beers to close lab-grown diamond brand, Lightbox, FashionUnited, 9 May 2025.
Scholarship & press
Diamond company De Beers Group has announced plans to shutter Lightbox
The planned closure of Lightbox reflects our commitment to natural diamonds.
-
De Beers Centenary AG pleads guilty to price-fixing indictment, U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division (press release 04-476), 13 Jul 2004.
Primary record
De Beers Centenary and a number of interrelated firms, including De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd., owned or controlled various companies that manufactured, distributed and sold industrial diamonds in the United States and elsewhere.
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