Organization

De Beers

Diamond mining and selling company formed at Kimberley in 1888; part of Anglo American since 2012.

28 links, 7 backed by primary records

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Dates
12 Mar 1888 –
Also known as
De Beers Consolidated Mines, De Beers Group
Over time
  1. Active 12 Mar 1888 –
  2. board members Barney Barnato 1888–1897
  3. chaired by Cecil Rhodes, according to De Beers 12 Mar 1888 – 1902
  4. includes Lightbox 2018 – May 2025
Who holds De Beers
De Beers holds
How each side tells it

According to De Beers

Connections 28

founded by

chaired by

board members

charged by

  • U.S. Department of Justice 1945 civil suit alleging a conspiracy to restrain and monopolize commerce in gem and industrial diamonds Primary record 5

decision overturned by

  • U.S. Supreme Court 21 May 1945 preliminary injunction on its property in the United States set aside; the suit itself was not decided Primary record 5

settled with

owns a stake in

  • Debswana 1975 50% Scholarship & press 34

    The Government of Botswana began with 15 percent of the equity in 1969.

stakeholders

acquired

acquired by

  • Anglo American 2012 Scholarship & press 1

    Bought out the Oppenheimer family's 40 percent stake.

awarded a contract to

  • N. W. Ayer & Son 2 Dec 1938 $10,000, Diamond Market Investigation Survey and Report Scholarship & press 9

launched

involved in

includes

adopted

benefited from

not the same as

  • De Beers Centenary AG Primary record 14

    The Department of Justice calls them interrelated firms; the plea was by De Beers Centenary AG.

Timeline 19 dates
  1. 1888–1897 Barney Barnato board member of De Beers
  2. 12 Mar 1888 – De Beers
  3. 12 Mar 1888 Barney Barnato founded De Beers
  4. 12 Mar 1888 Cecil Rhodes founded De Beers
  5. 12 Mar 1888 – 1902 Cecil Rhodes chair of De Beers According to De Beers
  6. 1926 Ernest Oppenheimer board member of De Beers
  7. 1929 Ernest Oppenheimer chair of De Beers
  8. 2 Dec 1938 De Beers awarded a contract to N. W. Ayer & Son
  9. 1945 De Beers charged by U.S. Department of Justice
  10. 21 May 1945 De Beers decision overturned by U.S. Supreme Court
  11. 1948 De Beers adopted A diamond is forever
  12. 1975 De Beers owns a stake in Debswana
  13. until 2000 Central Selling Organisation part of De Beers
  14. 2000 Diamond Trading Company part of De Beers
  15. 22 May 2008 De Beers settled with U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey
  16. 2012 Anglo American acquired De Beers
  17. 2017 De Beers acquired De Beers Diamond Jewellers According to De Beers
  18. 2018 De Beers launched Lightbox
  19. 2018 – May 2025 Lightbox part of De Beers
Proof 14 sources
  1. Anglo American to sell De Beers, JCK. Scholarship & press
    Anglo controls 85% of De Beers, while the government of Botswana owns 15%.
    Anglo American has owned 85% of De Beers since 2012, when De Beers’ longtime owners, the Oppenheimer family, sold their 40% share.
  2. Govt has 15 per cent in De Beers, Botswana Daily News (BOPA). Scholarship & press
    Minister Nonofo Molefhi said the government has 15 per cent shareholding in De Beers, with Anglo American having 85 per cent.
  3. Vice President urges Batswana to jealously guard diamonds (Botswana Press Agency report of the Minister of Minerals and Energy), Botswana Daily News (BOPA), 25 Jun 2023. Scholarship & press
    Mr Moagi noted that in a re-negotiated agreement of 1975 Botswana and DeBeers each got 50 per cent shareholding.
  4. Our History, Debswana Diamond Company. Self-published
    Debswana is a company in which the Botswana Government and the De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd each hold a 50% share.
  5. De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd. v. United States, 325 U.S. 212 (1945), Supreme Court of the United States (U.S. Reports, via GovInfo), 21 May 1945. Primary record
    The complaint sought equitable relief based upon a charge that the defendants were engaged in a conspiracy to restrain and monopolize the commerce of the United States with foreign nations in gem and industrial diamonds, in violation of §§ 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act
    We are of opinion that the injunction issued in this case is not authorized either by statute or by the usages of equity and that the decree granting the injunction should be reversed.
    De BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES, LTD. et al. v. UNITED STATES.
  6. Sullivan v. DB Investments, Inc., 667 F.3d 273 (3d Cir. 2011) (en banc), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, 20 Dec 2011. Primary record
    The settlement provided for a fund of $295 million to be distributed to both the direct and indirect purchasers: the direct purchasers were to receive $22.5 million of the fund,
    Sightholders are selected by De Beers‘s subsidiary Diamond Trading Company
  7. The Diamond Mines of South Africa: Some Account of Their Rise and Development, Gardner F. Williams, general manager of De Beers Consolidated Mines (scan on Internet Archive), 1902. Scholarship & press
    Four men held all but twenty-five shares of its stock.
    On the 12th of March, 1888, a seemingly unpretentious joint stock company was formed and established at Kimberley
  8. Our History & Heritage Since 1888, De Beers Group. Self-published
    Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato, who were running competing diamond operations, join forces. De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited is established on 12 March 1888.
    Rhodes is named Chair and continues in this role until 1902.
    Sir Ernest Oppenheimer is elected to the De Beers Board after Anglo American, the company he founded, becomes a major shareholder in De Beers.
    It also purchased LVMH’s stake in De Beers Jewellers, taking full ownership of the business.
  9. Why a Diamond Means Forever: The Creation of the Diamond Engagement Ring Tradition in the United States, 1939-1996, Jennifer Lynn Pequignot, doctoral dissertation, Auburn University (drawing on the N. W. Ayer records at the Smithsonian), 2019. Scholarship & press
    In 1929 he became the chairman of the company.
    Rhodes was named the company’s founding chairman and Barnato became a director of the company until his death in 1897.
    He was also appointed to its board of directors.
    On 2 December 1938 he authorized a check for ten thousand dollars for Ayer to begin its “Diamond Market Investigation Survey and Report.”
    With each new request De Beers claimed that it did not have enough diamonds readily available to fill the order all at once.
    within a year “A Diamond is Forever” became the official slogan of De Beers.
  10. Controversy Over Diamonds Made (headline as saved from the reprint; the page title is cut off), Alan Cowell, The New York Times, 22 August 2000 (reprint by Global Policy Forum), 22 Aug 2000. Scholarship & press
    Each company still holds more than 30 percent of the other's stock.
    "It was the moral imperative and also the fear of what might happen to the diamond industry," Nicky Oppenheimer said
    De Beers's exclusive sales unit, long called the Central Selling Organization
    by supporting United Nations embargoes on illicit diamond sales in Angola and Sierra Leone, the company has effectively enlisted the United Nations as a policeman
    Another brilliant coup, in my opinion,
  11. Lab-Grown Diamond Brand Lightbox Cuts Prices by 25 to 40%, National Jeweler, 13 May 2024. Scholarship & press
    Lightbox, the lab-grown diamond brand De Beers Group launched in 2018 with an $800 per carat pricing structure, is now selling its diamonds for as low as $500 a carat.
  12. Anglo American accelerates delivery of strategy to unlock significant value, Anglo American plc, 14 May 2024. Primary record
    De Beers – To be divested or demerged, to improve strategic flexibility for both De Beers and Anglo American
  13. De Beers to close lab-grown diamond brand, Lightbox, FashionUnited, 9 May 2025. Scholarship & press
    Diamond company De Beers Group has announced plans to shutter Lightbox
    The planned closure of Lightbox reflects our commitment to natural diamonds.
  14. De Beers Centenary AG pleads guilty to price-fixing indictment, U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division (press release 04-476), 13 Jul 2004. Primary record
    De Beers Centenary and a number of interrelated firms, including De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd., owned or controlled various companies that manufactured, distributed and sold industrial diamonds in the United States and elsewhere.
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