Event

GameStop short squeeze

GameStop's share price rose about 2,700% between 8 and 28 January 2021, then fell more than 86% by early February. The episode is widely called a short squeeze.

10 links, 10 backed by primary records

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Dates
8 Jan 2021 – 5 Feb 2021
Also known as
January 2021 GME market events, GameStop trading frenzy, meme stock episode
How each side tells it

Side by side, with proof ›

Connections 10

involved

  • GameStop company whose stock (GME) surged and then fell Primary record 1
  • Keith Gill individual investor who posted his GameStop analysis on social media Primary record 2

    He testified that he bought call options on GameStop stock on 7 June 2019, and added to his position through much of 2019 and 2020.

  • Melvin Capital held a short position in GameStop Primary record 3

    Plotkin testified that Melvin closed out all of its GameStop positions days before trading platforms limited trading in the stock.

  • Retail investors individual investors trading GME Primary record 1

    SEC staff count: accounts trading GME on a given day rose from under 10,000 in early January to nearly 900,000 by 27 January 2021.

  • Ryan Cohen investor whose appointment to the GameStop board was announced on 11 January 2021, as media attention on GME increased Primary record 1

    “Mr. Cohen, of Chewy” in the SEC report is Ryan Cohen, not Steven A. Cohen of Point72.

  • Citadel Securities market maker; executed nearly half, by dollar volume, of the GME trades that wholesalers filled in-house in January 2021 Primary record 1

    SEC staff figures, which shorten the name to Citadel: nearly $4.2 billion of GME internalized on 27 January 2021, against just under $37 million a day in December 2020.

includes

caused by

benefited

harmed

Timeline 2 dates
  1. 8 Jan 2021 – 5 Feb 2021 GameStop short squeeze
  2. 28 Jan 2021 – 5 Feb 2021 Robinhood trading restrictions of 2021 part of GameStop short squeeze
Proof 4 sources
  1. Staff Report on Equity and Options Market Structure Conditions in Early 2021, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (staff), 14 Oct 2021. Primary record
    Overall, GME’s intraday share price increased approximately 2,700% from its intraday low on January 8 to its intraday high on January 28, followed by a decrease of over 86% from that day to the closing price at the end of the first week of February.
    The increases coincided with a sharp increase in the number of individual accounts actively trading GME.
    Media attention on GME increased with the January 11 announcement that Mr. Cohen, of Chewy, would join the GameStop board of directors.
    Citadel Securities accounted for nearly 50% of internalizer dollar volume during the month, rising to as high as 55% of daily internalized dollar volume twice.
    Then, as the end of January approached, several retail broker-dealers temporarily prohibited certain activity in some of these stocks and options.
    For example, Robinhood and Interactive Brokers stated that in some cases, investors would only be able to sell their position in certain securities and not open a new position.
    Whether driven by a desire to squeeze short sellers and thus to profit from the resultant rise in price, or by belief in the fundamentals of GameStop, it was the positive sentiment, not the buying-to-cover, that sustained the weeks-long price appreciation of GameStop stock.
  2. Testimony of Keith Patrick Gill before the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House Committee on Financial Services, 18 Feb 2021. Primary record
    I am an individual investor. My investment in GameStop and my posts on social media were entirely my own.
  3. Testimony of Gabriel Plotkin, Founder and Chief Investment Officer, Melvin Capital Management, U.S. House Committee on Financial Services, 18 Feb 2021. Primary record
    In fact, we had been short GameStop since Melvin’s inception six years earlier
    When this frenzy began, Melvin started closing out its position in GameStop at a loss, not because our investment thesis had changed but because something unprecedented was happening.
  4. Senvest Capital Inc. 2020 Annual Report, Senvest Capital Inc., May 2021. Primary record Archived copy
    Included in the portfolio and our optimism for 2021 was a new core holding established in Q4 of 2020, GameStop (“GME”). As has been widely reported in the media, we had tremendous success in January with our GME investment, which we fully crystallized.
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