Organization

Holy See

The Pope and the Roman Curia: the sovereign body of the Catholic Church in international law.

8 links, 6 backed by primary records

Also known as: The Holy See

The Holy See is distinct from the Catholic Church and from Vatican City State, and, as MONEYVAL records, ultimately controls the Institute for the Works of Religion, which is a separate institution. In this story each is named for what it did.

Connections 8

member of

Council of Europe observer state, not a full member Primary record 1

involved in

Collapse of Banco Ambrosiano its Secretary of State named three international bankers to examine the IOR's role Scholarship & press 2
Collapse of Banco Ambrosiano declined to cooperate with Italian authorities in 1982, citing sovereignty Scholarship & press 2
TIME says "the Vatican" and does not name the body that declined.
Reform of Vatican finances since 2010 the jurisdiction evaluated Primary record 3

includes

Financial Information Authority 30 Dec 2010 Primary record 4

adopted

Vatican Law CXXVII (30 December 2010) 30 Dec 2010 Primary record 4

not the same as

Catholic Church Primary record 1
MONEYVAL (Council of Europe), 2021.
Institute for the Works of Religion Primary record 3 5
A separate institution, but MONEYVAL (2012) says the IOR and the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See are "ultimately controlled by the HS/VCS", the Holy See and Vatican City State. The Financial Times says it is overseen by five cardinals and has no shareholders.

Timeline 2 dates

30 Dec 2010 Financial Information Authority part of Holy See
30 Dec 2010 Holy See adopted Vatican Law CXXVII (30 December 2010)

Proof 5 sources

Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing measures: Holy See (including Vatican City State), Fifth Round Mutual Evaluation Report, MONEYVAL(2021)4, MONEYVAL, Council of Europe, 2021. Primary record Archived copy
It is an observer state to the United Nations (UN) General Assembly and to the Council of Europe (CoE).
The Holy See, the Catholic Church and the Vatican City State are three different legal entities with different status under international law.
Italy: The Great Vatican Bank Mystery (8 pages), TIME, 13 Sep 1982. Scholarship & press Archived copy
Agostino Cardinal Casaroli, the Vatican's Secretary of State, has named three respected international bankers, all prominent Catholic laymen, to examine the I.O.R.'s role in the scandal.
The Vatican, citing its status as a sovereign state, has so far declined to cooperate with the Italian authorities
Mutual Evaluation Report: Holy See (including Vatican City State), MONEYVAL(2012)17, MONEYVAL, Council of Europe, Jul 2012. Primary record
The HS/VCS authorities have come a long way in a very short period of time
Money laundering has been fully criminalised in accordance with the FATF standards although effectiveness of application has yet to be demonstrated as there have been no investigations, prosecutions or convictions for money laundering.
The IOR is the larger of the two financial institutions with 33,404 accounts being operated as at 30 November 2011.
Both financial institutions are ultimately controlled by the HS/VCS.
Apostolic Letter motu proprio for the prevention and countering of illegal activities in the area of monetary and financial dealings, Benedict XVI, via vatican.va, 30 Dec 2010. Primary record Archived copy
as an Institution connected with the Holy See in accordance with
The Holy See approves this commitment and intends to adopt these laws as its own in the utilization of the material resources that serve to carry out the mission and duties of Vatican City State.
Pope's top banker in money laundering probe, Financial Times (via BishopAccountability.org), 21 Sep 2010. Scholarship & press
It is overseen by five key cardinals, has no shareholders and its profits are used for charitable purposes.
Originally founded in 1887 and housed within a medieval bastion within the Vatican

Page history 1 change

2026-11-02Add 55 stories, each checked against its sourcesAlibek96e92fe6

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