Organization

Inter-Services Intelligence

Pakistan’s military intelligence service.

2 links, 1 backed by primary records. 4 more in open data

Connections 2

Covert aid to the Afghan resistance helped train the rebels and distribute the arms Primary record 1
Foreign backing of the Taliban supplied the Taliban, per a U.S. intelligence report of October 1996 and HRW’s 2001 report According to Human Rights Watch Scholarship & press 2 3

Proof 3 sources

The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, 9-11-commission, 22 Jul 2004. Primary record
This assistance was funneled through Pakistan:the Pakistani military intelligence service (Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate, or ISID), helped train the rebels and distribute the arms.
Afghanistan: Crisis of Impunity: The Role of Pakistan, Russia, and Iran in Fueling the Civil War, Human Rights Watch, Jul 2001. Scholarship & press
Pakistan's army and intelligence services, principally the Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI), contribute to making the Taliban a highly effective military force.
Pakistan: “The Taliban’s Godfather”? (Electronic Briefing Book No. 227), National Security Archive, 14 Aug 2007. Scholarship & press
is supplying the Taliban forces with munitions, fuel, and food.

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