The Dearborn Independent’s “International Jew” campaign

In September 1920, the Central Conference of American Rabbis, the National Council of Jewish Women and B'nai B'rith asked ADL to counteract Ford's work. ADL released a pamphlet, The Poison Pen, that targeted the Dearborn Independent.

Despite these complaints, The Dearborn Independent continued to attack Jews

The Dearborn Independent first attacked Jews in its May 22, 1920 issue and continued to do so in 91 subsequent editions.

Due to the fame of its publisher, Henry Ford Sr., The International Jew, a four-volume antisemitic work first published in the 1920s, has been a particularly powerful tool for haters trying to validate their hostile beliefs.

By offering older texts at their Web sites, today's haters demonstrate the longevity of their beliefs, thereby legitimizing them to both dedicated followers and potential recruits.

the Dearborn, Michigan paper, owned by auto magnate Henry Ford Sr.

His first move was to send Ford a telegram, saying the articles “constitute a libel upon an entire people.”

Former President William Howard Taft, a future U.S. Supreme Court chief justice, slammed Ford in a speech.

joined outgoing President Woodrow Wilson and dozens of other VIPs in signing a petition that denounced the Independent

“Find an evil to attack,” Joseph J. O’Neil, a veteran New York newspaperman, urged Liebold in a memo.

With Ford’s money, Liebold organized a network of spies, many with government intelligence backgrounds, to snoop around outposts of Jewish life in America

a general consensus has emerged that Ford, not a skilled writer, talked over ideas with Liebold, who ordered Pipp and Cameron to transform them into stories.

The first installment of The Dearborn Independent’s antisemitic series was published on May 22, 1920.

This series was intended to increase profits and spread his antisemitic ideas to the newspaper’s readers.

In January 1922, Ford ordered The Dearborn Independent to stop running “The International Jew” series.

Cameron eventually would write most of the articles in “The International Jew” series.

Thousands of free copies were delivered to local clergy and community organizations.

Ford auto dealerships were required to distribute copies of The Dearborn Independent as well.

Ford made a policy that everyone who bought a Model T car from the Ford Motor Company would automatically subscribe to The Dearborn Independent.

Circulation reached at least 900,000 by 1926.

Ford car dealers were required to meet a quota for subscription sales

The “International Jew” series began around the same time that Brasol’s version of the Protocols was published, and the Independent covered the text extensively.

Ford settled separately with Sapiro and Bernstein.

Since the 1920s, the Protocols has been exposed as a lie by journalists, courts, and governments worldwide.