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Standard Oil

Unknown, Public domain

Organization

Standard Oil

U.S. oil company founded in 1870, run as a trust from 1882, and ordered dissolved in 1911.

10 links, 4 backed by primary records

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Dates
1870–1911
Also known as
Standard Oil Company, Standard Oil Trust, Standard Oil Company of New Jersey
Wikidata
Q375791
Over time
  1. Active 1870–1911
  2. headed by John D. Rockefeller 1870–1896
Legal records

State ex rel. Attorney General v. Standard Oil Co.

  1. 2 Mar 1892 Sanctioned by Supreme Court of Ohio: ousted from the right to make or perform the trust agreement 1

Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States

  1. 1911 Sanctioned by U.S. Supreme Court: declared a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Act and ordered dissolved 23

Connections 10

founded by

headed by

people who worked here

sanctioned by

  • Supreme Court of Ohio 2 Mar 1892 ousted from the right to make or perform the trust agreement Primary record 1
  • U.S. Supreme Court 1911 declared a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Act and ordered dissolved Primary record 23

involved in

includes

headquartered in

Timeline 5 dates
  1. 1870–1911 Standard Oil
  2. 1870 John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil
  3. 1870–1896 John D. Rockefeller head of Standard Oil
  4. 2 Mar 1892 Standard Oil sanctioned by Supreme Court of Ohio
  5. 1911 Standard Oil sanctioned by U.S. Supreme Court
Proof 7 sources
  1. State ex rel. Attorney General v. Standard Oil Co., 49 Ohio St. 137, Supreme Court of Ohio (text via Harvard Caselaw Access Project), 2 Mar 1892. Primary record
    Judgment ousting the defendant from the right to make the agreement set forth in the petition and of the power to perform the same.
  2. BP America (formerly Standard Oil Co. (Ohio)), Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, Case Western Reserve University. Scholarship & press
    In 1911 the U.S. Supreme Court declared the holding company a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act and ordered it disbanded.
    Standard Oil controlled 21 of Cleveland's 26 refineries by 1872, as well as major refineries in New York, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh.
  3. Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (opinion of the Court and Harlan, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part), Supreme Court of the United States (text via Cornell LII), 1911. Primary record
    the delay of thirty days allowed for executing the decree was too short and should be extended so as to embrace a period of at least six months.
    The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and thirty-three other corporations, John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, and five other individual defendants, prosecute this appeal
  4. Rockefeller, John D., Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, Case Western Reserve University. Scholarship & press
    He organized Standard Oil Co. as its largest stockholder in 1870, directing the company until he retired in 1896, but retaining the title of president until 1911.
  5. The History of the Standard Oil Company (2 vols.), Ida M. Tarbell, McClure, Phillips & Co. (text via Project Gutenberg #60692), 1904. Scholarship & press
    Since its organisation, some time in January, 1870.
    Of the twenty-six refineries, at least twenty-one sold out. From a capacity of probably not over 1,500 barrels of crude a day, the Standard Oil Company rose in three months’ time to one of 10,000 barrels.
  6. Predatory Price Cutting: The Standard Oil (N.J.) Case, Journal of Law and Economics 1:137-169, John S. McGee (PDF copy hosted at gwern.net; journal page https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/jle/vol1/iss1/10). Scholarship & press
    Mr. Archbold testified that in 1870 Standard did about 10 per cent of the refining business in the United States; and that for 1888 Standard’s share was probably 75 per cent.
  7. United States v. Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, 155 F. 305 (N.D. Ill.) (Judge Landis, sentence), U.S. District Court, N.D. Illinois (text via Harvard Caselaw Access Project), 3 Aug 1907. Primary record
    It is the judgment and sentence of the court that the defendant, Standard Oil Company, pay a fine of $29,240,000.
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