Event
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Separate peace signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, taking Russia out of the First World War.
- Dates
- 3 Mar 1918
- Place
- Brest
- Also known as
- Peace of Brest-Litovsk, Brest-Litovsk
- Who benefited from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?5 links, 4 accounts
- How are the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and … connected?
According to Erich Ludendorff
- benefited Imperial German government
According to Paul von Hindenburg
- benefited Imperial German government
According to Vladimir Lenin
According to Grigori Sokolnikov
- benefited Turkey
At Brest-Litovsk Soviet Russia gave up its western territories, including the Baltic lands and Ukraine, to make peace with Germany and its allies. The Soviet congress that ratified it called it “this incredibly oppressive, coercive, and humiliating peace” whose conditions “were imposed on us as an ultimatum and with undisguised violence”.
According to Erich Ludendorff, the peace eased Germany’s situation on the Eastern Front “to an extraordinary degree”. Germany’s defeat in November 1918 voided the treaty.
Connections 8
involved
benefited
- Imperial German government According to Erich Ludendorff Primary record 4
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Imperial German government
According to Paul von Hindenburg
Primary record
5
From the 1920 memoirs of the Chief of the German General Staff. He goes on: 'a broad forward zone was created against Russia on the far side of our frontiers.'
-
Russia
According to Vladimir Lenin
Primary record
6
The peace is the Brest-Litovsk treaty: the next paragraph cites the congress resolution of 15 March 1918 that ratified it.
-
Turkey
According to Grigori Sokolnikov
Primary record
7
Said for the Soviet delegation at the final session on 3 March 1918, before signing. Turkey here is the Ottoman Empire, one of the four Central Powers that signed. Article IV of the treaty had Russian troops leave Ardahan, Kars and Batum.
harmed
-
Russia
According to Vladimir Lenin
Primary record
8
Written on 11 March 1918, between the signing and the ratification. 'He' is the 'imperialist plunderer' of the sentence before (Germany); 'us' is Soviet Russia.
located in
Timeline 1 date
- 3 Mar 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Proof 8 sources
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Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (translation telegraphed by the US Consul General in Moscow), Avalon Project, Yale Law School, 3 Mar 1918.
Primary record
On the basis of Article 12 of the peace treaty, concluded between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey on the one hand and Russia on the other
The territories lying to the west of the line determined by the contracting powers and which formerly belonged to Russia will no longer be under her sovereignty.
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Recognition of the Soviet Union, 1933 (Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations), U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian.
Primary record
The Bolsheviks had also concluded a separate peace with Germany at Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, ending Russian involvement in World War I.
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Resolution of the Fourth All-Russian (Extraordinary) Soviet Congress ratifying the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Marxists Internet Archive (Documents on Soviet Foreign Policy), 15 Mar 1918.
Primary record
The Congress ratifies the treaty of peace concluded by our representatives at Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918.
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My War Memories, 1914-1918, volume II, Hutchinson (scan on the Internet Archive), 1919.
Primary record
The situation on the Eastern Front was eased to an extraordinary degree by the Peace of Brest-Litovsk of the 3rd of March, and the preliminary peace of Buftea of the 5th of March.
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Out of My Life (translated by F. A. Holt), Cassell (scan on the Internet Archive), 1920.
Primary record
The separation of the border states from the old Empire as a result of the peace conditions was in my view mainly a military advantage.
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The Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government, Marxists Internet Archive (Lenin, Collected Works, vol. 27, Progress Publishers), 28 Apr 1918.
Primary record
Archived copy
Thanks to the peace which has been achieved—despite its extremely onerous character and extreme instability—the Russian Soviet Republic has gained an opportunity to concentrate its efforts for a while on the most important and most difficult aspect of the socialist revolution
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Statement by Sokolnikov at the final plenary session of the Brest-Litovsk conference, Marxists Internet Archive (Documents on Soviet Foreign Policy), 3 Mar 1918.
Primary record
ignoring the real wishes of the population of the districts of Ardahan, Kars, and Batum, Germany detaches these areas for the benefit of Turkey, whose armies had never conquered them.
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The Chief Task of Our Day, Marxists Internet Archive (Lenin, Collected Works, vol. 27, Progress Publishers), 12 Mar 1918.
Primary record
He compelled us to sign an incredibly burdensome and humiliating peace—as tribute for having dared to tear ourselves, even for the shortest space of time, from the iron clutches of an imperialist war.
Page history 1 change
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