Event
U.S. phase-out of leaded gasoline, 1973-1996
EPA’s step-by-step limits on lead in gasoline, ending in the 1996 ban on leaded fuel for on-road vehicles.
- Dates
- 1973–1996
Connections 7
involved
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency set the limits Primary record 12
- U.S. Congress the Clean Air Act banned on-road leaded fuel from 1 January 1996 Primary record 3
caused
- Ethyl Corp. v. EPA, 1976 Primary record 4
appears in
- Environmental Policy as Social Policy? The Impact of Childhood Lead Exposure on Crime Scholarship & press 5
- How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy Scholarship & press 6
- The lead-crime hypothesis: a meta-analysis its estimate of how much of the fall in homicide lead abatement explains Scholarship & press 7
influenced by
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Contaminated and Natural Lead Environments of Man
According to Clair Patterson
Primary record
8
Patterson’s own account in 1995, speaking of a paper on lead in food and people.
Timeline 1 date
- 1973–1996 U.S. phase-out of leaded gasoline, 1973-1996
Proof 8 sources
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EPA Requires Phase-Out of Lead in All Grades of Gasoline (press release, November 28, 1973), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 28 Nov 1973.
Primary record
announced the promulgation of final regulations to protect public health by reducing the amount of lead in all grades of gasoline.
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EPA Sets New Limits on Lead in Gasoline (press release, March 4, 1985), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 4 Mar 1985.
Primary record
final standards to cut the amount used in gasoline by 90 percent starting Jan. 1, 1986.
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EPA Takes Final Step in Phaseout of Leaded Gasoline (press release, January 29, 1996), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 29 Jan 1996.
Primary record
Effective January 1, 1996, the Clean Air Act banned the sale of the small amount of leaded fuel that was still available in some parts of the country for use in on-road vehicles.
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Ethyl Corp. v. Environmental Protection Agency, 541 F.2d 1 (D.C. Cir. 1976) (en banc), U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (text via the Harvard Caselaw Access Project), 19 Mar 1976.
Primary record
Accordingly, he promulgated regulations that reduce, in step-wise fashion, the lead content of leaded gasoline.
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Environmental Policy as Social Policy? The Impact of Childhood Lead Exposure on Crime (NBER Working Paper 13097), National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2007.
Scholarship & press
In the late 1970s in the United States, lead was removed from gasoline under the Clean Air Act.
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How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy (Environ Res 83:1-22), Environmental Research (abstract, PubMed), May 2000.
Scholarship & press
long-term trends in population exposure to gasoline lead were found to be remarkably consistent with subsequent changes in violent crime and unwed pregnancy.
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The lead-crime hypothesis: a meta-analysis (Regional Science and Urban Economics 97:103826), University of Glasgow (Enlighten), Elsevier, 21 Aug 2022.
Scholarship & press
Our estimates suggest the abatement of lead pollution may be responsible for 7–28% of the fall in homicide in the US.
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Clair Cameron Patterson Oral History Interview (interviews of March 1995 by Shirley K. Cohen), Caltech Archives, 1997.
Primary record
So it was instrumental; this was the impetus that began providing the scientific foundation to get lead out of gasoline.
Page history 1 change
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