Who benefited from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Shows who gained or lost, and who disputes a study that says so, in the words of whoever says it.
Not that anyone caused it.
A connection is not evidence of wrongdoing.
Each account
A to Z, none ranked above another.
Named in 2 of the 4 accounts recorded here (Gained): Imperial German government
According to Erich Ludendorff
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Imperial German government
benefited from
Primary record
1
The situation on the Eastern Front was eased to an extraordinary degree by the Peace of Brest-Litovsk of the 3rd of March, and the preliminary peace of Buftea of the 5th of March.
According to Grigori Sokolnikov
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Turkey
benefited from
Primary record
2
ignoring the real wishes of the population of the districts of Ardahan, Kars, and Batum, Germany detaches these areas for the benefit of Turkey, whose armies had never conquered them.
Said for the Soviet delegation at the final session on 3 March 1918, before signing. Turkey here is the Ottoman Empire, one of the four Central Powers that signed. Article IV of the treaty had Russian troops leave Ardahan, Kars and Batum.
According to Paul von Hindenburg
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Imperial German government
benefited from
Primary record
3
The separation of the border states from the old Empire as a result of the peace conditions was in my view mainly a military advantage.
From the 1920 memoirs of the Chief of the German General Staff. He goes on: 'a broad forward zone was created against Russia on the far side of our frontiers.'
According to Vladimir Lenin
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Russia
benefited from
Primary record
4
Thanks to the peace which has been achieved—despite its extremely onerous character and extreme instability—the Russian Soviet Republic has gained an opportunity to concentrate its efforts for a while on the most important and most difficult aspect of the socialist revolution
The peace is the Brest-Litovsk treaty: the next paragraph cites the congress resolution of 15 March 1918 that ratified it.
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Russia
harmed by
Primary record
5
He compelled us to sign an incredibly burdensome and humiliating peace—as tribute for having dared to tear ourselves, even for the shortest space of time, from the iron clutches of an imperialist war.
Written on 11 March 1918, between the signing and the ratification. 'He' is the 'imperialist plunderer' of the sentence before (Germany); 'us' is Soviet Russia.
Proof 5 sources
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My War Memories, 1914-1918, volume II, Hutchinson (scan on the Internet Archive), 1919.
Primary record
The situation on the Eastern Front was eased to an extraordinary degree by the Peace of Brest-Litovsk of the 3rd of March, and the preliminary peace of Buftea of the 5th of March.
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Statement by Sokolnikov at the final plenary session of the Brest-Litovsk conference, Marxists Internet Archive (Documents on Soviet Foreign Policy), 3 Mar 1918.
Primary record
ignoring the real wishes of the population of the districts of Ardahan, Kars, and Batum, Germany detaches these areas for the benefit of Turkey, whose armies had never conquered them.
-
Out of My Life (translated by F. A. Holt), Cassell (scan on the Internet Archive), 1920.
Primary record
The separation of the border states from the old Empire as a result of the peace conditions was in my view mainly a military advantage.
-
The Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government, Marxists Internet Archive (Lenin, Collected Works, vol. 27, Progress Publishers), 28 Apr 1918.
Primary record
Archived copy
Thanks to the peace which has been achieved—despite its extremely onerous character and extreme instability—the Russian Soviet Republic has gained an opportunity to concentrate its efforts for a while on the most important and most difficult aspect of the socialist revolution
-
The Chief Task of Our Day, Marxists Internet Archive (Lenin, Collected Works, vol. 27, Progress Publishers), 12 Mar 1918.
Primary record
He compelled us to sign an incredibly burdensome and humiliating peace—as tribute for having dared to tear ourselves, even for the shortest space of time, from the iron clutches of an imperialist war.
How this answer is built
Lines on the record come first: sourced links that no one presents as their own account, each with its strongest source. Then every account recorded here gets its own column, A to Z, none ranked above another. A column quotes only that account's own words and shows the strength of its own sources. Disputed lines are listed apart, with the reason, and lines still being verified come last. Neither is counted. Withdrawn lines are never shown.
When a list is longer than the page shows, the links the public methodology ranks strongest stay (methodology 0.3), and the rest open in the explorer.
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